
According to Article 139 of the 2024 Land Law, individuals who violate land use regulations may still be considered for land use certificates under the following circumstances:
Case 1
: Land encroachment occurs along the safety corridors of public works after the state has announced and marked these boundaries. This includes encroaching on roads, sidewalks, and pavements after the state has announced construction boundaries. In these cases, the state will reclaim the land for the respective projects without granting land use rights certificates for the encroached area.
However, if there are adjustments to the approved land use or construction planning, and the encroached area no longer falls within the safety corridors or road construction boundaries, and is not intended for headquarters, public works, or other public utility projects, the current land user may be considered for a land use rights certificate. They will, however, need to fulfill financial obligations as per the law.
Case 2
: Citizens are occupying land that was originally allocated to agricultural or forestry purposes without payment, and this land falls within the planning boundaries for special-use or protective forests where there is no Forest Management Board.
Citizens are occupying land that was originally allocated for agricultural or forestry purposes without payment and have built residential houses on this land before July 1, 2014. This land does not fall under forestry planning for special-use or protective forests, nor is it intended for public infrastructure projects.
Case 3
: Households or individuals are occupying land through encroachment, not falling under the above two cases, or are using state-allocated land for purposes other than what was originally intended. If their current land use is stable and aligns with district-level land use planning, overall planning, sub-planning, construction planning, or rural planning, they may be considered for land use rights certificates. Financial obligations as per the law will apply.
Case 4
: Households or individuals are using agricultural land that they have reclaimed themselves, and there are no disputes over this land. The state will grant land use rights certificates according to the land allocation limits set by the provincial People’s Committee. If the land area exceeds this limit, the excess area will be subject to state land leasing.
For land violations that occurred after July 1, 2014, the state will not grant land use certificates and will handle these cases according to the law.
Currently, if any of the above four cases of land violations occurred before July 1, 2014, the citizens involved will still be considered for land use certificates.
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