The following infographic ranks the economies of the world’s largest importers based on the share of imports in GDP, using data from 2024 provided by the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Import Dependence of Major Economies

Import dependence stems from various factors, including natural resource constraints, production capabilities, and cost differentials.

In the European Union (EU), imports of goods account for 35% of the bloc’s GDP, largely due to its reliance on energy imports from Norway and the United States. The EU also imports a significant amount of electronics from China, its largest import market, which supplies 20.1% of the bloc’s total imports.

Mexico’s imports are equally substantial, amounting to 35% of its GDP, with agricultural products and auto parts predominantly sourced from the United States.

Canada, similar to the EU, has a high import dependence, with imports making up 26% of its GDP. This includes motor vehicles and parts, machinery, and electronics, with the United States providing nearly 50% of Canada’s imports, and China accounting for about 11%. The automotive trade between the United States and Canada has been deeply intertwined since the 1960s.

China’s imports, on the other hand, represent around 14% of its GDP. Its top import sources in 2023 were South Korea (7.4%), the United States (7%), and Japan (6.3%). China also imports substantial amounts of crude oil from Russia and Saudi Arabia.

The United States has a lower import dependence, with imports equating to 12% of its GDP, which is significantly lower than other large economies on the list. In 2023, Canada and Mexico collectively supplied 28.8% of US imports, primarily in crude oil and automobiles.

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