## Vietnam Leads Southeast Asia in Veterinary Vaccine Production
At the forum on “Applying New Advances in Veterinary Vaccines in Vietnam” on December 28, 2024, Mr. Phan Quang Minh, Deputy Director of the Department of Animal Health, shared that small-scale farming remains a challenge, and promoting and expanding vaccine coverage is essential.
“Vaccination not only supports small-scale farming but also aids concentrated farming, as large farms are often interspersed with small-scale operations. Vaccination remains the most fundamental solution for Vietnam’s farming reality,” emphasized Mr. Minh.
### VIETNAM LEADS SOUTHEAST ASIA IN VETERINARY VACCINE PRODUCTION
According to Mr. Minh, in recent times, many FDI enterprises in the livestock industry have been using vaccines within their chains, along with animal breeds, veterinary drugs, and other technologies.
“Many FDI enterprises still import vaccines from abroad, making it challenging for Vietnamese vaccines to penetrate this group of users. We need to continuously improve the quality, marketing, and pricing of domestic vaccines to reverse the current 30-70 ratio,” expressed Mr. Minh.
Mr. Le Toan Thang, Head of the Veterinary Drug Management Division (Department of Animal Health), informed that Vietnam currently has 92 veterinary drug production facilities that meet GMP-WHO standards, including 12 facilities producing vaccines for animals. The investment level is approximately 30-40 million USD per factory. Notably, Vietnam has two types of African Swine Fever vaccines that have been granted circulation licenses in accordance with the Veterinary Law and international practices.
“Currently, there are 12 enterprises in the country researching and producing animal vaccines that meet GMP-WHO standards, with a total of 218 types of vaccines produced domestically. Additionally, 340 types of imported vaccines have been licensed to meet the demand for disease prevention in livestock and poultry.”
Mr. Le Toan Thang, Head of the Veterinary Drug Management Division, Department of Animal Health.
Regarding the vaccine supply situation in 2024: avian influenza vaccine 739 million doses (domestic production 191 million doses; imported 548 million doses); foot-and-mouth disease vaccine over 46 million doses (domestic production 1.4 million doses; imported 45 million doses); rabies vaccine over 5 million doses (domestic production 1.6 million doses; imported 3.7 million doses); PRRS vaccine over 34 million doses (domestic production 3.5 million doses; imported 31 million doses); bovine ephemeral fever vaccine nearly 2 million doses (domestic production 115,000 doses; imported 1.8 million doses).
For the African Swine Fever vaccine, Vietnam is currently the only country in the world that produces it. So far, companies have produced and supplied 5.9 million doses to the market. Navetco produced 2.2 million doses (supplied domestically nearly 700,000 doses, exported 7,000 doses); with over 300,000 doses in stock and plans to produce about 150,000 doses in the coming time. AVAC produced over 3.7 million doses (supplied domestically more than 2.9 million doses, exported over 460,000 doses); with about 33,000 doses in stock and plans to produce 150,000 doses.
Dr. Nguyen Huu Vu, Chairman of the Board of Directors and General Director of Hanvet Company, shared that Vietnam’s vaccine production capacity surpasses that of other Southeast Asian countries. For instance, the country has 12 enterprises researching and producing animal vaccines that meet GMP-WHO standards, while Indonesia has 2, Malaysia has 1, and Thailand has none.
However, why aren’t vaccines being used more for animal vaccination, especially domestic vaccines? According to Dr. Vu, the reasons lie in limited brand recognition, production expertise, and quality control.
Dr. Nguyen Thi Huong, President of the Vietnam Veterinary Science and Technology Association, shared this view, adding that one of the bottlenecks is the persistent preference for foreign products among a large portion of farmers.
Dr. Huong believes that along with improving vaccine quality, domestic manufacturers need to enhance their propaganda effectiveness and actively collaborate and share information with the press.
“Vietnam’s veterinary vaccine production technology has not only developed rapidly but also made remarkable progress. We possess world-leading technologies to produce vaccines for PRRS, foot-and-mouth disease, rabies, and African Swine Fever. In fact, Vietnam is the only country that produces and commercializes the African Swine Fever vaccine,” emphasized the President of the Vietnam Veterinary Science and Technology Association.
### AFRICAN SWINE FEVER CONTROLLED THROUGH VACCINATION
According to Dr. Nguyen Van Diep, General Director of AVAC Vietnam Joint Stock Company, there are seven types of African Swine Fever vaccines under development in Vietnam. Among them, the AVAC ASF Live vaccine is an attenuated, freeze-dried vaccine for pigs aged four weeks and older, requiring only one dose and providing protection for at least five months.
Notably, AVAC has mastered cell and virus technologies, optimized breeds, and adapted vaccine strains on the DMAC cell line. DMAC is the result of AVAC’s direct research and improvement, offering superior features and registered as an exclusive patent.
“Over 3 million doses have been released to the market, with more than 2.5 million doses for the domestic market and exports to the Philippines and Nigeria. With strict supervision in over 21 provinces from July 2023 to June 2024, all vaccinated pigs remained healthy, and no outbreak occurred,” affirmed Dr. Nguyen Van Diep.
Dr. Diep shared that from March to December 2024, AVAC Vietnam Joint Stock Company collaborated with C.P. Vietnam to vaccinate approximately 8,000 pigs in about 70 farms, ensuring safety and 100% protection. C.P. Vietnam evaluated the AVAC ASF Live vaccine as safe and protective.
However, Dr. Diep also pointed out some challenges, such as farmers’ hesitation to adopt new vaccines. Additionally, the presence of vaccines of unknown origin, counterfeits, and imitations in the market has negatively impacted the reputation of standardized vaccines licensed by the state.
Mr. Dang Van Hiep, Deputy Director of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Thanh Hoa province, shared his experience in preventing and controlling African Swine Fever in the locality. Thanh Hoa has a total pig herd of about 1.3 million, 26 million poultry, and about 423 million buffaloes and cattle. Small-scale farming households account for 45% of the total, while large-scale farms make up 55%.
Currently, many disease outbreaks have occurred nationwide, especially African Swine Fever in provinces bordering Thanh Hoa. Thanh Hoa has invested in purchasing critical vaccines, notably 5,000 doses of the African Swine Fever vaccine from AVAC, the H5N6 vaccine, and others. Thanks to the proactive deployment of vaccination, while many localities have experienced African Swine Fever outbreaks, Thanh Hoa has successfully contained the disease.
“Thanh Hoa has always taken the lead in quarantine work and vaccination for both farm and small- scale farming households under the management and close supervision of veterinary officials. At the same time, we proactively stockpile vaccines and quickly implement preventive measures to prevent the outbreak from spreading widely. As a result, Thanh Hoa has effectively controlled the disease situation,” affirmed Mr. Dang Van Hiep.
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